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Supply chain

Point cover at real demand

Sena reports how fast recorded purchase moved in each market, and where buyers went when a line had gone.

  • 190+ countries
  • 5M+ consumer network
  • 250+ integrations
The problem

Where cover sits wrong

Inventory optimization decides how much to hold, where to hold it, and when to replenish. Three patterns push cover toward the wrong markets.

01

Service level set uniformly

COVER HELD HOW FAST IT MOVES SHORT STUCK COVER HELD HOW FAST IT MOVES COVER FOLLOWS THE RATE

One target covers every market, because the evidence for varying it market by market has yet to arrive. Cover lands even across markets absorbing the category at different rates.

  • A fast market runs short at the same target.
  • A slow market carries stock it takes months to move.
02

The demand input is internal

SHIPMENT HISTORY SOLD OUT A DEMAND CEILING COVER FOLLOWS IT CATEGORY PURCHASE WANTED THE DEMAND THE MODEL SERVES

The cover model takes its demand side from shipment history, which records what a company managed to sell through whatever sat in the outlet at the time.

  • A sell-out week enters the model as a demand ceiling.
  • Cover follows the constraint it caused.
03

A stockout costs an estimate

WAITED SWITCHED ONCE MOVED ONE ASSUMPTION APPLIED UNIFORMLY WHAT BUYERS DID NEXT WAITED SWITCHED ONCE MOVED FOR GOOD COUNTED, NOT PRICED

The cost of a gap depends on what the buyer did next: waited, took a competing line once, or moved permanently. The model usually carries an assumption where that answer belongs.

  • Three outcomes priced as one number.
  • A permanent switch counted as a deferred sale.
What Sena does for cover

Cover pointed by purchase

Sena is the decision AI with access to real-world data. It counts what consumers across a market purchased and records what each outlet held on the day, so the demand side of a cover model rests on the category itself.

The ranking

Markets ranked on recorded movement

Sena reports how fast recorded purchase moved in each market, indexed against the others, so service level varies with evidence behind it.

  • Each market carrying its own run rate.
  • The index dated to the period under review.
The gap

Where a gap sent buyers

When a line ran absent, Sena records what buyers took in its place and whether they came back.

  • The competing line named by category.
  • The reason those buyers gave for moving.
The level

Formats separated inside the market

Sena reports movement per format, outlet type, and price tier, so the cover follows the part of the market that is moving.

  • Each format with its own series and rate.
  • A mix shift showing while the total sits still.
The method

Optimizing inventory cover

A cover model balances the cost of holding stock against the cost of running short. Both sides of that trade need a demand figure, and the figure is usually the weakest input in the calculation.

THREE INPUTS DEMAND VARIABILITY COST THE POLICY CALCULATION THE MATHEMATICS IS WELL ESTABLISHED THE DEMAND INPUT IS WHERE IT GOES WRONG
01

Inventory optimization explained

Inventory optimization sets how much stock to hold, at which locations, and when to replenish, so that a service target is met at the lowest holding cost. It is a policy calculation, and it takes three inputs: demand, variability, and cost.

The mathematics is well established. The demand input is where the answer usually goes wrong.

The three cover levers

Three levers set cover, and each one takes the same demand figure.

01

Safety stock

THE BUFFERWIDENS WHEN IT MOVES

The buffer held against demand variability and supply variability. Rises with the service target and with how much demand moves around.

02

Reorder point and frequency

LEAD TIME TRIGGER

When to trigger a replenishment and how much to bring. Set against lead time and the rate demand consumes cover.

03

Placement and allocation

ONE FIXED QUANTITY RANKED HIGHRUNS SHORT

Which location holds what, and how scarce stock is split across markets when there is less than everyone wants.

The third lever is where a market-level demand ranking changes the answer most. Allocation splits a fixed quantity, so ranking the markets correctly decides who runs short.

Service level against holding cost

The trade sits between two costs, and one of them is far easier to measure than the other.

Holding too much

Measured
WORKING CAPITALSTORAGEOBSOLESCENCE TO THE CENT

Working capital, storage, obsolescence, and markdown. Measured precisely, from internal records.

Holding too little

Assumed
MARGIN ON A SALETHE BUYER, GONE SOMETIMES PERMANENTLY ONE % APPLIEDUNIFORMLY

The margin on a sale, and sometimes the buyer permanently. Measured as an assumption, applied uniformly.

A MEASURED COST AN ESTIMATED ONE THE SERVICE TARGET REVIEW 1REVIEW 2REVIEW 3REVIEW 4REVIEW 5 DRIFTS

The asymmetry pushes cover down. A measured cost argues against an estimated one in every review, so service targets drift toward the number the finance case can defend.

Four inputs behind the cover

Four collected inputs build the demand side, applied per market.

WHAT WAS PAID EVERY PLAYER, DATED

Receipts

Purchases across the category and their dates, so every player enters the demand side.

MARKET DATE THE WEEKS IT RAN ABSENT

Store captures

What each outlet held on the day, which dates the weeks a line ran absent.

PRICEPACKFACING DATED AND PLACED

Geo-verified photos

The outlet as the run found it, dated and placed.

WOULD PAY THE POINT THIS PRICES THE GAP

Stated preference

What buyers took when a line had gone, and whether they returned, which prices the gap.

What a cover model needs

Four conditions decide whether a cover decision holds through the period.

01

The demand figure describes the market

CATEGORY PURCHASE · DEMAND SHIPMENTSSUPPLY MEETING DEMAND

Category purchase measures demand. Shipments measure supply meeting demand.

02

Variability is measured on the right series

DEMAND SWING WHAT YOU WANT SHIPMENT SWING DEMAND PLUS SUPPLY'S OWN

Demand variability read off shipments includes the variability supply itself introduced.

03

The market ranking is evidenced

A FIXED QUANTITY RANK 1-2 COVEREDRANK 3-4 RUN SHORT

Allocation splits a fixed quantity, so the ranking decides the outcome.

04

The shortage cost is observed

ONE ASSUMED % SETS TARGETS BY CONVENTION A MEASURED EVENT WHAT BUYERS DID IN THE GAP PRICED

What buyers did during a gap is a measurable event, and pricing it from an assumption sets service targets by convention.

The half Sena answers

The demand side is what Sena reports. The policy itself stays with the planning system, and the two sit beside each other.

Sena supplies
  • Recorded movement per market
  • The weeks a line ran absent
  • Where buyers went during them
Stays with the planning system
  • Safety stock levels
  • Reorder logic
  • Allocation rules
  • The policy calculation itself

Sena supplies the demand side: recorded movement per market, the weeks a line ran absent, and where buyers went during them. Safety stock levels, reorder logic, allocation rules, and the policy calculation itself stay with the planning system, and Sena sets its answer beside them.

Direct from real consumers

Shared under explicit consent

Real people share what they buy and prefer, under explicit consent. Sena captures it directly at the source, so every figure traces back to where it came from whenever a number comes under question.

Real people, real consent Zero-party data straight from the source Traceable and verifiable
Sena for inventory optimization

Ask Sena the cover

Consented purchase supplies the demand side, and every capture carries the market and the day it was taken.

4 sources · captures dated this cycle · Open the captures ↗ · figures in this exchange are illustrative
RankedOn movement

Markets ranked by evidence

Recorded movement per market decides the ranking, so allocation rests on a figure the team can open.

Who runs short, decided
ObservedNot assumed

The gap priced properly

What buyers took during a gap, and whether they returned, turns a shortage assumption into an observation.

Three outcomes, apart
OpensTo purchase

Open a ranking to purchase

Any market index opens onto the purchases and outlet photographs behind it.

Auditable
How Sena reaches the answer

What cover rests on

Most cover models take their demand figure from shipment history

A cover level carries weight only as far as the demand figure underneath it. Sena builds every figure from real-world signals captured when the question needs it, from consumers purchasing across the category through to the dated capture an allocation review opens.

Consumer activity

Counts what buyers purchased across the category and when, including purchases made from every other player, so the demand side describes the market.

Computer vision

Reads what each outlet held off images captured in real outlets, which dates the weeks a line ran absent.

Zero-party data

Signal arrives from the consumer network under explicit consent. What buyers took when a line had gone is stated by those buyers.

Connect the systems

Shipment history, cover models, and service level exports join over 250+ integrations, so the policy calculation runs where it already runs.

Trace every answer

Every market index holds its period and its capture dates, so a ranking reopens on the evidence behind it.

From files to databases

Historic cover models, allocation records, and movement exports load in, so every period the team has held sits together.

Who owns it

Who sets the cover

Four teams meet at the same holding decision, and each one needs a different cut of it before they can act.

Inventory and replenishment

The policy. Needs a demand figure the market itself produced.

Demand planning

The period. Needs each format and outlet type carrying its own rate.

Commercial and account teams

The allocation argument. Needs evidence for which market earns the stock.

Planning and finance

The working capital. Needs a shortage cost observed, where an assumption sets it today.

By industry

Cover across every industry

The same demand side, read against whatever each industry treats as a line.

01

CPG and retail

Category movement per format and price tier, with the weeks a line ran absent attached.

02

Consumer tech

Movement by specification and price band, against the upgrade timing buyers give.

03

Pharmacy and health

Pack size movement at the counter, and where buyers went when one ran absent.

04

Telecom

Handset lines moving through the outlets that sell the plan.

The mechanism

Consumer to cover, three steps

One mechanism, applied per market and per category. Each step is documented, which is what makes an allocation defensible.

Step 01 · Capture

Capture

Real contributors share what they buy and pay under explicit consent and record what each outlet held in the markets named.

  • Explicit consent on every capture
  • Purchase and outlet record together
Step 02 · Index

Index

Sena ranks markets on how fast recorded purchase moved, with the weeks a line ran absent alongside.

  • A rate per market, dated
  • Absent weeks on their own line
Step 03 · Point

Point

The cover model takes its demand side from that index, and the policy calculation runs in the planning system.

  • The input changes, the model stays
  • Every index opens to its records
What changes

Held and pointed

Most cover models take their demand side from the one series a company holds in full, which is its own shipment history. Sena measures the category that history sits inside.

Capability areaTypical setupSena
The demand inputOwn shipments and orders.Purchase across the category, counted for every player in the market.
Demand variabilityRead off a series supply shaped.Read off recorded purchase, with availability separated.
Market rankingOwn volume, or an even split.Recorded movement per market, indexed and dated.
Service levelOne target across markets.Varied per market, with a rate behind each.
Cost of a shortageAn assumption applied uniformly.What buyers took during the gap, and whether they returned.
LevelMarket total, split downward by rules.Every format, outlet type, and tier has a rate of its own.
Auditing a rankingA method appendix.Click the index, and the purchases open beneath it.
Use cases

Where the cover lands

Three situations where a measured demand side changes a holding decision.

01 RankedNot split even

Allocate a short quantity

Rank the markets on recorded movement, so a fixed quantity goes where the category moves fastest.

See purchase driver analysis →
02 MeasuredNot assumed

Price a gap honestly

Read what buyers took while a line was absent and whether they came back, so the shortage cost is an observation.

See promotion ROI analysis →
03 VariedBy market

Vary service by market

Set a target per market against how fast the category moved there, with the index open to its records.

See launch validation →
See it in one market

Bring one market to cover

The walkthrough ranks markets on recorded category movement, dates the weeks a line ran absent, and opens what buyers took during them while the team watches.

What a walkthrough covers

  1. 01Recorded category movement per market, indexed and dated
  2. 02The weeks a line ran absent, with the photographs attached
  3. 03What buyers took during a gap, and whether they returned
  4. 04The dated capture behind any index worth tracing

Talk to the Rwazi team

Name the category and the markets splitting the quantity, and we will rank them on recorded movement.

FAQ

Inventory optimization questions

01 What is inventory optimization?
Inventory optimization sets how much stock to hold, at which locations, and when to replenish, so a service target is met at the lowest holding cost. It is a policy calculation taking three inputs: demand, variability, and cost. The mathematics is well established, and the demand input is where the answer usually goes wrong.
02 What is the difference between inventory optimization and inventory management?
Inventory management is the operation of receiving, storing, counting, picking, and recording what is held. Inventory optimization is the calculation that decides what the levels should be in the first place. Management executes a policy. Optimization sets it, using demand, variability, and the cost of holding against the cost of running short.
03 What is safety stock, and how do teams set it?
Safety stock is the buffer held against variability in demand and in supply. It rises with the service target and with how much demand moves around. Teams set it from a demand series, a variability measure, and a target. Where the series records shipments, the variability it carries includes the variability supply itself introduced.
04 What data is used for inventory optimization?
Shipment history, open orders, lead times, holding costs, and a service target, nearly all of it internal. The demand input usually comes from shipment history, which records what a company managed to sell through whatever sat in the outlet. Category purchase counted across every player describes the demand the model is trying to serve.
05 How do teams set service level by market?
Most set one target across markets, because the evidence for varying it has yet to arrive. Varying it calls for a demand rate per market, dated to the same period. Ranking markets on recorded category movement supplies that, and it matters most in allocation, where a fixed quantity gets split and the ranking decides who runs short.
06 What does a stockout cost?
It depends on what the buyer did next. Waiting costs a deferred margin. Taking a competing line once costs a sale. Moving permanently costs the buyer. Most models carry one assumption covering all three, applied uniformly. What buyers did during a gap is a measurable event, and measuring it changes the service target the finance case supports.
07 How does consumer demand data improve inventory optimization?
It replaces the weakest input. Category purchase counted across the market describes demand, where shipment history describes one company meeting it. Ranking markets on recorded movement gives allocation an evidenced order. And recording what buyers took during a gap turns the shortage cost from an assumption into an observation.
08 Does Sena set safety stock or replenishment rules?
Sena covers the demand half: how fast each market moved, which weeks a line was missing, and where buyers went in those weeks. Safety stock levels, reorder logic, allocation rules, and the policy calculation remain the planning system's work, with Sena's answer sitting alongside. What goes into the model changes, and the model stays where it is.
09 What data does Sena use for inventory optimization?
What consumers recorded buying across the category, dated and market by market, under explicit consent from a 5M+ network in 190+ countries. Store captures date the weeks a line ran absent, and stated preference records what buyers took during them. Shipment history, cover models, and service level exports connect through 250+ integrations.