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Finance

The target and the gap

Sena reports financial performance in each market from real-world data.

  • 190+ countries
  • 5M+ consumer network
  • 250+ integrations
The problem

Where the target slips

Financial performance management is the monthly loop: measure actuals, compare to target, explain the gap, and act. Three properties of that loop concentrate the whole exercise on the first two steps.

01

The gap sized, the cause debated

TARGET ACTUAL −2.14% THE REVIEW MEETING PRECISION ON SIZE, OPINION ON CAUSE THE GAP SIZE UNCHANGED WHY, STATED AND DATED THE ACTION MATCHES THE CAUSE

Measurement is precise, and attribution is conversational. The pack states a shortfall to two decimal places, and the reason for it comes out of a review meeting, argued from whichever figures the participants brought.

  • Precision on size, opinion on cause.
  • The corrective action chosen from the argument.
02

A month behind the market

CLOSE CONSOL REPORT MEET THE MARKET MOVED HERE ACTION AIMED AT A PAST STATE A WEEKLY CONSUMER READ INSIDE THE PERIOD CAUSE AND DECISION, ONE WINDOW

The cycle closes, consolidates, reports, and then meets. By the time a market appears in a pack, it has moved on, so the action addresses a position that has already changed.

  • Evidence closing a month before the decision.
  • Corrective action aimed at a past state.
03

Target set once, market moving

ONE TARGET Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 FOUR DIFFERENT MARKETS CATEGORY THE ITEM MISSED, NOT MIS-SET

An annual target holds through four quarters while the conditions underneath it change. Performance against a stale target measures the target as much as the performance.

  • One target, four different markets.
  • Underperformance and a wrong target indistinguishable.
What Sena does for the target

The gap given a cause

Sena reports the consumer position in each market on a weekly cycle, so the loop gains a cause and gains it early.

The cause

The cause with the number

One shopper supplies both the purchase and the reason, so a shortfall lands with its cause.

  • Purchase and reason on one shopper.
  • A gap that arrives explained.
The cycle

Weekly, over monthly

The consumer signal captured this cycle, so a market reaches the pack while the position still holds.

  • A read inside the period.
  • Action aimed at a live position.
The target

Target tested against market

Category movement per market, so a missed target separates from a mis-set one.

  • Category movement, per market.
  • The target itself under test.
The read

What the loop does

Financial performance management is the discipline of running a business against a committed financial number. Four steps repeat in a cycle: read the actuals, set them against the target, account for the gap, and act on it. Its output is a decision each period, over a report.

Four gaps, four actions

A performance pack carries four kinds of gap, and they need different actions.

Gap 01

A volume gap

Fewer units sold. Weak demand and absent stock produce the same line and call for opposite responses.

Gap 02

A price gap

Realised price below plan. Discounting, mix and channel each produce it.

Gap 03

A mix gap

The units sold were the wrong ones. A shopper chose differently, for a reason.

Gap 04

A target gap

The number was set wrong. Visible only against how the market itself moved.

The fourth is the one a pack rarely tests, because testing it needs category movement from outside the company.

What the target read returns

OutputWhat it settlesWhere it goes wrong
Gap causeWhy the shortfall happened.Argued in a review meeting.
Availability at saleWhether stock was present.Inferred from shipment records.
Category movementWhether the market moved too.Absent from internal sources.
Corrective responseWhat action would recover it.Chosen from the loudest argument.

Four inputs, one target

Holding a target needs four collected inputs, refreshed each cycle in every market carrying one.

InputWhat it answers
ReceiptsWhat was bought this cycle, and at what price.
Store capturesWhether the item was available to buy.
Geo-verified photosThe shelf as it stood, dated and placed.
Stated preferenceWhy the choice moved, and which action would win it back.

The internal figures hold their existing home. Targets, actuals, price files, and the performance model connect through 250+ integrations, so a variance line and its cause report together.

What internal systems omit

Three questions sit outside the performance pack, and each one selects a different corrective action.

  • Why the shopper switched. The variance is measured, and its reason holds zero rows.
  • Whether the shelf held stock. An empty facing and weak demand book the same volume gap.
  • How the category moved. Absent that, a missed target and a mis-set target look identical.
Direct from real consumers

Shared under explicit consent

Real people share what they buy and prefer, under explicit consent. Sena captures it directly at the source, so every figure traces back to where it came from whenever a number comes under question.

Real people, real consent Zero-party data straight from the source Traceable and verifiable
Sena for performance management

Ask Sena the target

The consumer read arrives on a weekly cycle with the market and capture week attached, which is what lets a commentary field carry evidence.

4 sources · captures dated this cycle · Open the captures ↗ · figures in this exchange are illustrative
Three waysOne gap

Gap split three ways

Availability, share, and category movement are separate, so the action matches the cause.

The right response
A figureNot free text

Commentary with evidence

The free-text field carries a figure that opens onto the shoppers behind it.

Survives a challenge
BeforeCommitting

Recovery sized first

Stated response measures how many shoppers a corrective action would move.

A count, not a hope
How Sena reaches the answer

What the target read uses

The shopper who created the gap appears in zero rows the loop can reach

A performance loop built on targets and actuals can size any gap and explain it only through discussion. Sena captures real-world signals each cycle, from the shelf photographed in the market through to the shopper naming what would win the purchase back.

Consumer activity

Selection and amount paid enter as one record each cycle, so a gap rests on real transactions.

Computer vision

Images from real outlets show whether stock was present, which splits a volume gap in two.

Zero-party data

Signal arrives from the consumer network under explicit consent. A changed purchase is explained by whoever changed it.

Connect the finance systems

Targets, actuals, price files, and the performance model connect over 250+ integrations, so a variance line and its cause sit together.

Trace every answer

Market, week, and source shoppers ride on each figure, so a commentary claim survives a review challenge.

From files to databases

Prior period packs beside targets and actuals, scanned cycle by scanned cycle.

Who owns it

Who holds the target?

Four teams work the same loop, and each one needs a different part of the gap before it can act.

Performance management

The monthly loop. Needs the gap cause, over commentary.

Commercial finance

The corrective action. Needs the recovery sized ahead of committing.

Country finance

The local number. Needs the market read at the market level.

Group FP&A

The target itself. Needs category movement to test it against.

By industry

Targets across industries

The same three-way split, run against whatever each industry is held to.

01

CPG and retail

Share against category per market, with availability split out.

02

Beverages

Occasion volume, weighed against the formats stocked.

03

Pharmacy and health

Own-label switching, weighed against the recommendation given.

04

Financial services

Product take-up, weighed against the target set for it.

The mechanism

Consumer to target, three steps

One mechanism, refreshed each cycle in each market held to a number. Each step is documented, which is what carries a commentary claim through a performance review.

Step 01 · Collect

Collect

Purchase and the reason it moved come from one consumer, so gap and cause land together.

  • Explicit consent on every capture
  • Gap and cause, landing together
Step 02 · Split

Split

Photographs and category movement divide the gap into availability, share, and market, which selects the action.

  • Availability, share, and market
  • The action selected by the cause
Step 03 · Size

Size

The shoppers a corrective action would move are counted ahead of the action being taken.

  • Recovery counted in shoppers
  • Sized before it is committed
What changes

Sized, then explained

Most performance loops measure the gap precisely and reason about its cause in a meeting. Sena supplies the cause as a measured figure.

Capability areaTypical setupSena
Gap sizeMeasured to two decimals.Unchanged, and now explained.
Gap causeArgued from figures on hand.Stated by the shoppers who moved.
A volume gapOne line, two possible causes.Divided by shelf photographs.
Target validityAssumed until year end.Tested against category movement.
Cycle timeMonthly close, then a meeting.Weekly consumer read.
Corrective actionChosen from argument.Sized by the stated response first.
CommentaryFree text.A figure that opens onto its consumers.
Use cases

Where the target holds

Three points in a performance loop where the pack states a size and leaves open a cause.

01 DividedAt the shelf

Split a volume gap

Establish whether the item was on the shelf, so demand and availability hold separate lines.

See out-of-stock root cause →
02 TestedPer market

Test the target itself

Read category movement per market, so a missed target separates from a mis-set one.

See territory performance diagnostics →
03 SizedIn shoppers

Size the recovery

Measure how many shoppers a corrective price or pack action would move, ahead of committing to it.

See pricing intelligence and MAP →
See it on one gap

Explain one gap live

The walkthrough takes one variance line from a real performance pack, splits it into availability, share, and category movement in the market that produced it, and sizes one corrective action while the finance team watches.

What a walkthrough covers

  1. 01A variance line split three ways
  2. 02Shelf availability in the same weeks
  3. 03The stated reason behind a switch
  4. 04One recovery sized by stated response

Talk to the Rwazi team

Name the variance line and the market behind it, and we will split the gap and size the recovery.

FAQ

Performance management questions

01 What is financial performance management?
The discipline of running a business against a committed financial number. It measures actuals, compares them to target, explains the variance, and drives the corrective action, then repeats on a cycle. Its output is a decision each period over a report, which is what separates it from financial reporting.
02 What are financial performance indicators?
The measures a business is held to each cycle are revenue against target, gross and operating margin, volume and mix, working capital and cash conversion, and cost as a share of revenue. The set varies by sector. What holds constant is that each indicator states a size, and the cause behind a movement sits beyond the indicator.
03 What does financial performance management software do?
It handles target loading, actuals consolidation, variance calculation, commentary workflow, reporting, and the audit trail across a monthly close. The variance figures it produces are reliable. The commentary field beside each one is free text, and zero sources inside the platform can populate it where the cause is a consumer decision.
04 How is the financial performance of a company evaluated?
That question usually comes from an assessor reading filed accounts to invest, lend, or benchmark. It runs on published statements: margin trend, return on capital, gearing, cash conversion, and peer comparison. It differs from managing performance, which needs the cause of a gap in a market the reader controls.
05 Why do performance reviews argue about causes?
Because measurement and attribution have different evidence bases. The gap is calculated from systems the company owns, so its size is precise. The cause is usually a consumer decision recorded in zero internal systems, so the explanation gets assembled from price, promotion, and competitor timing by whoever brought figures.
06 How is a volume gap diagnosed correctly?
Two causes produce that line, and they call for opposite responses, so telling them apart comes first. Weak demand and absent stock both appear as units unsold. Evidence from the shelf at the time of sale resolves it, and photographs captured in real outlets establish whether the item was there to be bought.
07 How can a target be tested over time?
By reading how the category moved in the same market over the same period. Where the category grew and the item fell, the issue is share. Where the category fell as far as the item, the target was set against conditions that changed. Underperformance and a mis-set target look identical until category movement is measured.
08 What is the difference between this and FP&A?
FP&A sets the committed number and defends it. Financial performance management runs the business against that number once it is set: measure, compare, explain, and act. One produces the target, and the other holds the organization to it. Both need a demand assumption, and this one needs it refreshed inside the period.
09 How quickly should the cause of a gap be known?
Inside the period the gap occurred in. A monthly close followed by a review meeting puts the decision several weeks behind the market, so the corrective action addresses a position that has already moved. A weekly consumer read is what brings the cause and the decision into the same window.